【印刷技術(shù)】印刷色彩失真的原因及辨別方法(中英對(duì)照版)
[Printing technology] The cause of printing color distortion and the discrimination method
At present, there are many sets of color management systems in the printing industry, which have certain control over the color of printing. However, in the current printing customer group, their requirements on color are increasingly demanding. In order to better printing service, it is necessary for us to understand the main factors leading to color distortion and the discrimination method of distortion.
目前，在印刷界已出現(xiàn)很多套色彩管理系統(tǒng)，在印刷的顏色上都有了一定的控制，但是在現(xiàn)在印刷客戶群體中，他們對(duì)色彩的要求日趨苛刻，為了更好的印刷服務(wù)，我們有必要了解導(dǎo)致色彩失真的主要因素以及失真的辨別方法。
One, the main factor that causes color distortion
一、導(dǎo)致色彩失真的主要因素
1. Color reduction causes color distortion
1、色彩還原處理引起色彩失真
Modern printing usually uses C, M, Y, K four color ink reproduction, due to the purity of the ink itself, so printing overprint will also produce color distortion.
現(xiàn)代印刷通常使用C、M、Y、K四色油墨再現(xiàn)色彩，由于油墨本身存在純度問題，因而印刷疊印時(shí)也會(huì)產(chǎn)生色彩失真。
2. Color distortion caused by color separation
2、分色處理引起色彩失真
Printing usually uses C, M, Y and K four-color inks to copy colors, while the image information collected by digital acquisition equipment is usually R, G and B information, so before printing and plate making, the image information needs to be converted into C, M, Y and K mode, namely color separation processing. The "color separation" is to decompose the color information of each pixel of the image (generally R, G, B color information) into the color information suitable for printing C, M, Y, K mode. In the process of color separation will cause the loss of color information. In color separation, only according to ink, paper and other printing suitability, the correct setting of color separation parameters (such as setting dot expansion value, gray balance parameters, black plate step adjustment, etc.), it is possible to output high-quality color separation, as far as possible to reduce the loss of color information.
印刷通常使用C、M、Y、K四色油墨復(fù)制色彩，而數(shù)字采集設(shè)備采集到計(jì)算機(jī)的圖像信息通常是R、G、B信息，因而在印刷制版之前需要將圖像信息轉(zhuǎn)換成C、M、Y、K模式，即分色處理。所謂“分色”就是將圖像每個(gè)像素的色彩信息(一般是R、G、B顏色信息)分解轉(zhuǎn)換成適合印刷C、M、Y、K模式的色彩信息。在分色過程中會(huì)引起顏色信息丟失。在分色時(shí)，只有根據(jù)油墨、紙張等印刷適性，正確設(shè)置分色參數(shù)(如設(shè)定網(wǎng)點(diǎn)擴(kuò)大值、灰平衡參數(shù)、黑版階調(diào)等)，才可能輸出高質(zhì)量的分色片，盡可能減少顏色信息的丟失。
3. There is color distortion in the manuscript
3、原稿存在色彩失真
Printed image manuscripts are mostly obtained by means of photography. In addition to color distortion caused by improper operation in the process of shooting, color is reproduced through color materials, which are prone to color decay, and may also cause color distortion in photos. In addition, with the continuous popularization of digital camera, digital image manuscript more and more, and digital camera to the operator's technical requirements greatly improved, because of the operator's technical level, the image is easy to appear dim picture, image blurring and other problems, resulting in the original color distortion.
印刷圖像原稿大多是通過攝影手段得到的。對(duì)于照片原稿，除了在拍攝過程中由于操作不當(dāng)造成色彩失真外，由于色彩是通過色料等呈色材料再現(xiàn)的，而呈色材料很容易發(fā)生色衰減，因而也可能引起照片色彩的失真。另外，隨著數(shù)碼相機(jī)的不斷普及，數(shù)字圖像原稿越來越多，而數(shù)碼相機(jī)對(duì)操作人員的技術(shù)要求大大提高，由于操作人員的技術(shù)水平差，拍攝出來的圖像容易出現(xiàn)畫面暗淡、圖像模糊等問題，造成原稿色彩失真。
4. Color distortion caused by scanning processing
4、掃描處理引起色彩失真
The image density of the photo manuscript is continuous, and the image information needs to be collected into the computer. When scanning an image with a scanning device, the image needs to be segmented into discrete pixel points, and the R, G and B information of each pixel point on the manuscript is collected point by point and line by line. In the process of scanning, the color information of pixels will be lost, and image processing is based on the collected image information, and all color operations are carried out on this basis, without increasing the color information of the image. Therefore, for the photo manuscript, scanning is a very key link in image processing, improper operation will cause image color distortion.
密度是連續(xù)的，需要將圖像信息采集到計(jì)算機(jī)中。在利用掃描設(shè)備掃描圖像時(shí)，需要把圖像分割成不連續(xù)的像素點(diǎn)，逐點(diǎn)逐行采集原稿上每個(gè)像素點(diǎn)的R、G、B信息。在掃描過程中，會(huì)引起像素點(diǎn)顏色信息的丟失，而圖像處理都是以所采集的圖像信息為基礎(chǔ)，所有關(guān)于色彩的操作也都是在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行，并不能增加圖像的顏色信息。因此，對(duì)于照片原稿來說，掃描是圖像處理中非常關(guān)鍵的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，操作不當(dāng)就會(huì)引起圖像色彩失真。
Second, How to distinguish color distortion
二、如何辨別色彩失真
After understanding the main factors of color distortion, how to find color distortion in the actual production process is the key.
對(duì)色彩失真的主要因素有了了解后，在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過程中如何發(fā)現(xiàn)色彩失真才是關(guān)鍵。
1. First impression reference method
1.第一印象基準(zhǔn)法
The human eye has certain adaptability to color. For slightly distorted images of color, repeated observation reduces the ability to recognize. Therefore, when judging whether there is color distortion, it is an important method to use the first impression to eliminate the limitations of human eye color vision.
人的眼睛對(duì)色彩具有一定的適應(yīng)性。對(duì)于色彩輕微失真的圖像，反復(fù)觀察會(huì)減弱識(shí)別的能力。因此，在判斷是否存在色彩失真時(shí)，利用第一眼的印象來排除人眼顏色視覺的局限性是發(fā)現(xiàn)色彩失真的重要方法。
2. Neutral color reference method
2.中性色基準(zhǔn)法
There are a lot of neuter color in the life, like black, white, gray, they are the zero point of the color in profusion world, we can serve as the basis point that distinguishes color distortion.
生活中有許多中性色彩，如黑色、白色、灰色等，它們是繽紛世界中顏色的零點(diǎn)，我們可以作為辨別色彩失真的基點(diǎn)。
3. Skin tone reference method
3.膚色基準(zhǔn)法
Skin color is the most familiar color for people. All character images, especially those dominated by portraits, can be used as the basis for distinguishing color distortion according to skin color. Whether you have yellow, white or black skin, there is a rule to your skin tone. That is, there is red in yellow, white in red or black in red. If the skin color of the figure in the image is yellow, it will give people a sick feeling. Under normal circumstances, even if the skin color of the figure in the image is yellow, the color correction should be adjusted to the color of blood, that is, yellow with red.
皮膚的顏色是人們最熟悉的色彩，凡是人物圖像，尤其是以人物肖像為主的畫面，都可以根據(jù)皮膚的顏色作為辨別色彩失真的依據(jù)。無論黃皮膚、白皮膚或黑皮膚，其膚色都有一個(gè)規(guī)律，那就是都是血色。即：黃中有紅、白里透紅或黑中泛紅，如果圖像中人物膚色偏黃就會(huì)給人產(chǎn)生病態(tài)的感覺。在正常情況下，即使圖像中人物皮膚的顏色真的偏黃，在彩色校正時(shí)也要調(diào)整為血色，即黃中有紅。
In the printing operation, if we master the main factors of distortion and the discrimination method, then we can have a good grasp of the printing color and achieve the complete effect in the customer's mind smoothly. Therefore, the printing color distortion grasp are not ignored by us.
在印刷操作中，對(duì)失真的主要因素和辨別方法若熟練掌握，那么在印刷的色彩上就能很好的把握，順利的達(dá)到客戶心目中完整的效果。因此，對(duì)印刷顏色的失真把握我們是不容忽視的。
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